The (Under-Realized) Potential of Open Heritage

To understand our present, we need to know our past: our memories, our history, our heritage. Over the last two decades, pioneers of open heritage — institutions like the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Rijksmuseum, Paris Musées, the Smithsonian, and many more — have shown the world the value of sharing digitized public domain collections openly. Taken together, these successes give us a glimpse of what is possible, from sparking new narratives across diverse contexts, nurturing collective memory, advancing digital equity, and inviting people to transform yesterday’s heritage into today’s creativity and tomorrow’s innovation. Their leadership inspired a vision: a future where the world’s heritage is equitably accessible by everyone. 

But these success stories of open heritage remain the exception, not the rule. The vast majority of CHIs still face serious obstacles to openly sharing their digital collections and lack the support to open up confidently, be it in Chile, India, Nigeria, or Brazil. Legal uncertainty leading to copyright “anxiety,” fear of lost revenue, resource constraints, economic questions around open licensing, and misconceptions about what “open” really means continue to hold many back. Above all, the absence of international guidance encouraging open policies, tools, and practices puts our shared heritage at risk of being locked away forever. The result is a fragmented global landscape with pockets of equitable access within vast stretches of inaccessibility.

The numbers speak for themselves. The Open GLAM Survey, which has gathered data from nearly 1,700 CHIs across 55 countries, documents close to 100 million openly licensed or public domain digital objects. This reflects the fact that only ~1% of the world’s CHIs have open policies. 

The potential of open heritage is enormous, but without a shared international normative framework to support CHIs in going open, this potential will remain unrealized. The need for alignment, across regions, institutions, and states, is urgent.

From Vision to Coalition — A Brief History of TAROCH

Recognizing this gap, CC began convening the global open culture community around a simple but powerful belief: when people can equitably connect with heritage in the digital environment, they can learn from it, build upon it, and keep it alive for future generations. With support from the Arcadia Fund starting in 2021, we published An Agenda for Copyright Reform (2022) and a Call to Action to Policymakers. We organized a Roundtable in Lisbon (2023) to assess global challenges and explore the need for a new UNESCO instrument for open culture. The turning point came in Lisbon in May 2024. Nearly 50 experts, activists, and institutional leaders gathered for the Open Culture Strategic Workshop and together charted a new path toward the official launch of the TAROCH Coalition in November 2024. 

TAROCH is now an international coalition of more than 60 organizations across 25 countries. Membership is extensive and diverse, reflecting the global nature of this endeavor. Through international working groups and local advocacy circles, Coalition members collaborate on targeted policy engagement to empower CHIs with shared open standards and clear opportunities for international cooperation.

The Opportunity of a UNESCO Partnership

In August 2025, CC became an official UNESCO partner, a formal recognition of the track record of collaboration between the two organizations over two decades in the fields of openness and education, science, culture, and communication. Now more than ever, CC, TAROCH, and UNESCO are uniquely positioned to set open standards at the international level. In fact, UNESCO has demonstrated a strong commitment to openness through multiple instruments, notably the 2019 Recommendation on Open Educational Resources and the 2021 Recommendation on Open Science. By 2023, 61 Member States had implemented the OER Recommendation, and the number of countries with open science policies had almost doubled. The evidence is in plain sight: UNESCO Recommendations lead to positive change. 

A Recommendation on Open Heritage, or other standard-setting instrument, would be the next logical step, complementing the existing instruments and catalyzing global cooperation on a key priority for UNESCO: ensuring equitable access to heritage in the digital environment to activate the universal right to participate in cultural life. 

What’s Next? Introducing the Open Heritage Statement

Over the past months, the TAROCH Coalition has collaboratively drafted the Open Heritage Statement, turning local efforts into a global call. The Statement is a shared articulation of values, challenges, and priorities to close the global gap in access to heritage. It consists of two parts: a Preamble, situating the issues in context and outlining values and principles; and Articles, proposing policy solutions to lower barriers and unlock the potential of open heritage.

In October, we will publish the Open Heritage Statement and invite governments, institutions, organizations, policymakers, and advocates to sign or support the Statement. By joining our voices under the banner of the Open Heritage Statement, we can raise awareness about the importance of open heritage as a key means to turn the vision of the 2022 Mondiacult Declaration of culture as a global public good into action. 

👉 The Statement will be launched publicly during a Creative Commons webinar on Tuesday, 14 October at 14:00 UTC. Register today. 

👉 If your institution or organization would like to be part of a global movement that is helping shape the future of open heritage, apply to join the TAROCH Coalition.

Posted 25 September 2025